2.1 高频 1000 词的力量
这一章不是要把 1000 个词逐一列出（那不现实，也不必要），而是让你看清这 1000 词的结构：哪些是动词支柱，哪些是代词系统，哪些是时间空间词。掌握结构，比把词表抄一遍重要十倍。
NGSL 排名前 1000 词的词性分布：
冠词与限定词 —— 约 50 个，但出现频率占 20%
代词系统 —— 约 60 个，出现频率占 12%
高频动词 —— 约 150 个，出现频率占 25%
高频名词 —— 约 350 个，出现频率占 22%
高频形容词 —— 约 200 个，出现频率占 8%
高频副词与介词 —— 约 190 个，出现频率占 13%2.2 八大支柱动词
英语口语和写作中，八个动词承担了 30% 以上的动词使用。这八个词的全部用法，比记 100 个生僻动词更有用：
| 动词 | IPA | 核心义 | 典型搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | /biː/ | 是；存在；处于某状态 | be careful, be late, there is, be going to |
| have | /hæv/ | 拥有；经历；致使 | have a meeting, have lunch, have to, have done |
| do | /duː/ | 做；表强调；助动词 | do homework, do the dishes, do well |
| get | /ɡet/ | 得到；变成；到达 | get up, get tired, get to, get a job |
| make | /meɪk/ | 制造；使……成为 | make a decision, make money, make sense |
| take | /teɪk/ | 拿；带；花费时间 | take a bus, take time, take care of |
| go | /ɡəʊ/ | 去；进行；变成 | go to work, go shopping, go wrong |
| come | /kʌm/ | 来；来自；变得 | come back, come from, come true |
2.3 第二梯队 12 个动词
| 动词 | IPA | 词性 | 常见义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| say | /seɪ/ | v. | 说 | She said it was fine. |
| see | /siː/ | v. | 看见；明白 | I see what you mean. |
| know | /nəʊ/ | v. | 知道；认识 | I know him well. |
| think | /θɪŋk/ | v. | 认为；思考 | I think it's true. |
| look | /lʊk/ | v. | 看；看起来 | You look tired. |
| want | /wɒnt/ | v. | 想要 | I want to leave. |
| give | /ɡɪv/ | v. | 给 | Give me a minute. |
| use | /juːz/ | v. | 使用 | Can I use your pen? |
| find | /faɪnd/ | v. | 找到；发现 | I can't find my keys. |
| tell | /tel/ | v. | 告诉；分辨 | Tell me the truth. |
| ask | /ɑːsk/ | v. | 问；要求 | She asked for help. |
| work | /wɜːk/ | v./n. | 工作；起作用 | The plan works. |
2.4 人称代词系统
英语代词数量不多，但结构必须烂熟于心。一张表把全部 8 套形态记牢：
| 主格 | 宾格 | 形容词性物主 | 名词性物主 | 反身 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | me | my | mine | myself |
| you | you | your | yours | yourself |
| he | him | his | his | himself |
| she | her | her | hers | herself |
| it | it | its | — | itself |
| we | us | our | ours | ourselves |
| you (pl.) | you | your | yours | yourselves |
| they | them | their | theirs | themselves |
易错警告
注意 its（它的）和 it's（it is）的区别。its 是物主代词，没有撇号；it's 永远是 it is 或 it has 的缩写。这是英语母语者最常犯的拼写错误，学习者也常错。
2.5 不定代词与指示代词
| 词 | IPA | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| this | /ðɪs/ | 这个（近指） | This is my book. |
| that | /ðæt/ | 那个（远指） | That looks nice. |
| these | /ðiːz/ | 这些 | These are my friends. |
| those | /ðəʊz/ | 那些 | Those days are gone. |
| some | /sʌm/ | 一些（肯定） | I have some money. |
| any | /ˈeni/ | 任何（否定/疑问） | Do you have any? |
| all | /ɔːl/ | 所有 | All of them came. |
| every | /ˈevri/ | 每个 | Every student must read. |
| no / none | /nəʊ/ | 没有 | None of us knew. |
| somebody / someone | /ˈsʌmbədi/ | 某人 | Someone called you. |
| anybody / anyone | /ˈeniwʌn/ | 任何人 | Anyone can do it. |
| nobody / no one | /ˈnəʊbədi/ | 没有人 | Nobody answered. |
| something | /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ | 某事 | I want to say something. |
| anything | /ˈeniθɪŋ/ | 任何事 | Is there anything wrong? |
| nothing | /ˈnʌθɪŋ/ | 没有事 | Nothing happened. |
| each / both / either / neither | — | 各/两者都/任一/两者都不 | Each child got a gift. |
2.6 时间词汇族
| 英文 | IPA | 词性 | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| time | /taɪm/ | n. | 时间；次 | What time is it? |
| day / week / month / year | — | n. | 日/周/月/年 | See you next week. |
| morning / afternoon / evening / night | — | n. | 上午/下午/晚上/夜晚 | Good morning. |
| today / yesterday / tomorrow | — | adv. | 今天/昨天/明天 | Tomorrow is Monday. |
| now / then / soon / later | — | adv. | 现在/那时/不久/稍后 | I'll do it later. |
| always / often / sometimes / never | — | adv. | 总是/经常/有时/从不 | I always wake up at 7. |
| already / yet / still | — | adv. | 已经/还（没）/仍然 | I haven't done it yet. |
| before / after / during / while | — | prep./conj. | 之前/之后/期间/同时 | Brush your teeth before bed. |
| early / late | — | adj./adv. | 早/晚 | Don't be late. |
| first / next / last / final | — | adj. | 第一/下一/最后 | The first time I met him. |
| minute / hour / second | — | n. | 分钟/小时/秒 | Wait a minute. |
| moment | /ˈməʊmənt/ | n. | 瞬间；时刻 | Wait a moment, please. |
2.7 空间方位词
| 英文 | IPA | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| in | /ɪn/ | 在……里面 | The book is in the bag. |
| on | /ɒn/ | 在……上面 | The cup is on the table. |
| at | /æt/ | 在……（点） | I'm at the station. |
| under | /ˈʌndə/ | 在……下面 | The cat is under the bed. |
| above / below | — | 上方/下方 | The picture above the sofa. |
| over | /ˈəʊvə/ | 在上方（覆盖） | The bridge over the river. |
| behind | /bɪˈhaɪnd/ | 在……后面 | Stand behind me. |
| in front of | — | 在……前面 | A car parked in front of my house. |
| next to / beside | — | 紧挨着 | Sit next to me. |
| between | /bɪˈtwiːn/ | 在……之间 | Between A and B. |
| near / far | — | 近/远 | The school is near my home. |
| here / there | — | 这里/那里 | Come here. He's there. |
| left / right | — | 左/右 | Turn left at the corner. |
| up / down | — | 上/下 | Go up the stairs. |
| north / south / east / west | — | 北/南/东/西 | The wind comes from the north. |
| inside / outside | — | 里面/外面 | Wait inside the room. |
| around | /əˈraʊnd/ | 四周 | People sat around the fire. |
| through | /θruː/ | 穿过 | Walk through the park. |
2.8 高频形容词速查
| 英文 | IPA | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| good / bad | — | 好的/坏的 |
| big / small / large / little | — | 大/小 |
| new / old | — | 新的/旧的 |
| young / old | — | 年轻的/年老的 |
| happy / sad | — | 开心/难过 |
| easy / hard / difficult | — | 简单/困难 |
| important / interesting | — | 重要/有趣 |
| long / short | — | 长/短 |
| high / low | — | 高/低 |
| hot / cold / warm / cool | — | 热/冷/温暖/凉 |
| fast / slow | — | 快/慢 |
| free | /friː/ | 自由的；免费的；空闲的 |
| true / false | — | 真的/假的 |
| right / wrong | — | 对的/错的 |
| sure / certain | — | 确定 |
学习建议
这一章的目标不是背完，而是识别出"我以为我会但其实没掌握"的词。读这些表时问自己：get 我能说出 5 种用法吗？any 我能解释为什么不能在肯定句里用吗？over 和 above 区别在哪？凡是答不上来的，都是后续真正要复习的。
2.9 高频名词速查
| 类别 | 核心词 |
|---|---|
| 人 | person, people, man, woman, child, boy, girl, friend, family, parent, mother, father, brother, sister, son, daughter |
| 身体 | head, hand, eye, face, body, foot, arm, leg, mouth, ear |
| 住居 | house, home, room, door, window, kitchen, bed, table, chair |
| 工作教育 | work, job, school, student, teacher, class, book, paper, money, problem |
| 抽象 | way, thing, life, world, idea, kind, part, side, end, fact, point, case, area, line, sort |
| 自然 | water, food, air, light, sun, day, night, fire, tree, flower |
章末小结
1000 高频词的核心不在数量，而在结构：八大支柱动词 + 代词系统 + 时间空间词 + 高频形容词与名词。掌握这层骨架，你已经能进行 80% 的日常对话。下一章我们走入 1001-2000，词频递减但学术性递增。