测试与发布

移动端测试的特殊挑战

移动端测试比 Web 开发更复杂，原因是多方面的：设备碎片化（Android 有数千种设备，iOS 有不同屏幕尺寸）、操作系统版本差异、权限管理（相机、位置、推送等需要用户授权）、网络状态变化、后台/前台切换行为等，都是 Web 开发几乎不需要面对的挑战。

因此移动端测试策略通常分层：单元测试覆盖业务逻辑（快速、稳定）；集成测试覆盖组件交互；E2E 测试覆盖关键用户流程（慢但最真实）。

核心名词解释

发布流程总览

单元测试：Jest + Testing Library

// components/__tests__/LikeButton.test.tsx
import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react-native';
import { LikeButton } from '../LikeButton';

// Mock React Query 的 useMutation
const mockMutate = jest.fn();
jest.mock('@tanstack/react-query', () => ({
  ...jest.requireActual('@tanstack/react-query'),
  useMutation: () => ({ mutate: mockMutate, isPending: false }),
}));

describe('LikeButton', () => {
  beforeEach(() => {
    jest.clearAllMocks();
  });

  it('显示初始点赞数', () => {
    render(<LikeButton postId="p1" initialLikes={42} liked={false} />);
    expect(screen.getByText('42')).toBeTruthy();
  });

  it('点击后调用 like API', async () => {
    render(<LikeButton postId="p1" initialLikes={10} liked={false} />);
    const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /点赞/ });
    fireEvent.press(button);

    await waitFor(() => {
      expect(mockMutate).toHaveBeenCalledWith('p1');
    });
  });

  it('乐观更新：点击后立即显示 +1', () => {
    render(<LikeButton postId="p1" initialLikes={10} liked={false} />);
    fireEvent.press(screen.getByRole('button'));
    // 乐观更新，不等待网络，立即显示 11
    expect(screen.getByText('11')).toBeTruthy();
  });

  it('快照测试', () => {
    const { toJSON } = render(
      <LikeButton postId="p1" initialLikes={5} liked={true} />
    );
    expect(toJSON()).toMatchSnapshot();
  });
});

EAS Build 配置

// eas.json — EAS Build 配置文件
{
  "cli": {
    "version": ">= 7.0.0"
  },
  "build": {
    "development": {
      "developmentClient": true,       // Development Build（支持自定义原生模块）
      "distribution": "internal",
      "ios": { "simulator": true }    // 支持模拟器
    },
    "preview": {
      "distribution": "internal",    // 内部分发（TestFlight / 内部测试）
      "channel": "preview"
    },
    "production": {
      "distribution": "store",       // 应用商店分发
      "channel": "production",
      "ios": {
        "buildConfiguration": "Release"
      },
      "android": {
        "buildType": "app-bundle"   // AAB 格式（Google Play 要求）
      }
    }
  },
  "submit": {
    "production": {
      "ios": {
        "appleId": "your@apple.com",
        "ascAppId": "1234567890"
      },
      "android": {
        "serviceAccountKeyPath": "./google-service-account.json",
        "track": "internal"        // 先发内部测试轨道
      }
    }
  }
}

OTA 热更新配置

// app.json — expo-updates 配置
{
  "expo": {
    "updates": {
      "url": "https://u.expo.dev/your-project-id",
      "checkAutomatically": "ON_LOAD"  // 启动时检查更新
    },
    "runtimeVersion": {
      "policy": "sdkVersion"  // 根据 SDK 版本决定兼容性
    }
  }
}

// hooks/useOTA.ts — 手动检查并应用更新
import * as Updates from 'expo-updates';

export function useOTAUpdate() {
  useEffect(() => {
    async function checkUpdate() {
      try {
        const update = await Updates.checkForUpdateAsync();
        if (update.isAvailable) {
          await Updates.fetchUpdateAsync();
          // 提示用户重启以应用更新
          Alert.alert('发现新版本', '重启应用以应用更新', [
            { text: '稍后', style: 'cancel' },
            {
              text: '立即重启',
              onPress: () => Updates.reloadAsync(),
            },
          ]);
        }
      } catch (e) {
        console.log('OTA 检查失败', e);
      }
    }
    checkUpdate();
  }, []);
}

CI/CD：GitHub Actions 自动构建

# .github/workflows/eas-build.yml
name: EAS Build

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]      # main 分支推送自动触发
  workflow_dispatch:      # 也可以手动触发

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 20
          cache: npm

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci               # --ci 比 install 更严格，使用 lock 文件

      - name: Run Jest tests
        run: npm test -- --ci     # 测试失败则构建停止

      - name: Setup EAS
        uses: expo/expo-github-action@v8
        with:
          eas-version: latest
          token: ${{ secrets.EXPO_TOKEN }}

      - name: Build Preview
        run: eas build --platform all --profile preview --non-interactive