Chapter 05

写作突破(一):
小作文与图表描述

第五章 · 雅思 Task 1 是中国考生提分最快的部分——把图表语言模块化,20 分钟稳定输出 6.5。

雅思 Task 1 是什么

雅思 Academic Task 1 要求在 20 分钟内写一篇至少 150 字的客观描述,对象是图表(图、表、流程图、地图)。和大作文不同,它不要求你表达观点、不要求你举例,只要把数据准确、条理清晰地"翻译"成英语就够。

这意味着 Task 1 是最容易模块化、最容易拿到 6.5的部分。模板化句型 + 准确数据描述 + Overview 段,配合中等水平的语法和词汇,就能稳定 6.0-6.5。如果想冲 7.0,则需要句式多样、数据描述精准、避免口语化用词。

考试结构

Task 1:20 分钟,至少 150 字;Task 2:40 分钟,至少 250 字。两篇加起来 60 分钟。建议先写 Task 1(20 分钟内),再写 Task 2(40 分钟内),因为 Task 2 占分更多(2/3),不能因为 T1 拖时间。

五种图表类型

类型常考特点核心语言
Line Chart 折线图趋势变化随时间动词描述(rise / fall / fluctuate)
Bar Chart 柱状图对比不同类别比较级(the highest / twice as much as)
Pie Chart 饼图占比分布百分比 + 比例(accounted for / make up)
Table 表格多维度数据选择性描述,重点数据
Process / Diagram 流程图步骤、循环被动语态 + 顺序词(first / next / finally)
Map 地图题地理变迁、规划方位词 + 时态对比(used to be / has been replaced by)

万能 4 段结构

不论哪种图表,都可以用同一个 4 段结构:

Paragraph 1: Introduction (改写题目)
Paragraph 2: Overview (2-3 句总览)
Paragraph 3: Detail Group 1 (数据 / 趋势组 1)
Paragraph 4: Detail Group 2 (数据 / 趋势组 2)

Paragraph 1:Introduction(改写题目)

不要照抄题目,要改写。两个核心改写技巧:

典型句型:

The line graph illustrates the changes in
[topic] from [year A] to [year B].

折线图展示了 [话题] 在 [年份 A] 到 [年份 B]
之间的变化。

The bar chart compares the proportion of
[topic] across [categories] in [year/period].

柱状图比较了 [年份/时期] 内 [类别] 中 [话题]
的占比。

Paragraph 2:Overview(最关键的一段)

Overview 是整个 Task 1 最关键的段落,也是分数差异最大的环节。考官明确说:"没有清晰 Overview 的考生最多只能拿 5.0。"

Overview 应该包含 2-3 句话,不写具体数字,只描述:

典型 Overview 句型:

Overall, it is clear that [整体趋势 1].
Moreover, [整体趋势 2 或最显著对比].

Overall, [类别 A] consistently showed the
highest figures throughout the period, while
[类别 B] remained the lowest.
陷阱

Overview 不能写在 Introduction 之后忘记单独成段。必须独立成段,最好用 OverallIn general 开头让考官一眼看出。Overview 写在了正文里,分数会从 6.0 直接被压到 5.5。

Paragraph 3-4:Detail(细节段)

把数据分成 2 组(不是按数据本身分,而是按逻辑分)。常见分组方式:

每段 3-5 句,包含具体数据。

动词描述武器库(折线图必备)

方向动词幅度名词形式
上升rise / increase / grow / climb / surge / soar / rocket从轻微到剧烈a rise / increase / surge
下降fall / decrease / decline / drop / plunge / plummet / dip从轻微到剧烈a fall / decline / plunge
波动fluctuate / oscillate / varya fluctuation
稳定remain stable / stay constant / level off / plateaustability / a plateau
达到峰值 / 谷值peak at / reach a high of / hit a low of / bottom out ata peak / a low

动词副词搭配(描述幅度)

典型搭配:

The number of cars rose sharply between 2000 and 2005.
2000 到 2005 年间汽车数量急剧增长。

There was a steady increase in unemployment
throughout the decade.
失业率在这十年里稳步上升。

The figure for [类别] fluctuated wildly,
peaking at 80% in 2010 before plunging to 30%.
[类别] 的数据剧烈波动,2010 年达到 80% 峰值后骤降至 30%。

柱状图:比较语言

X is twice as high as Y.
X 是 Y 的两倍。

X is three times the figure for Y.
X 是 Y 的三倍。

The figure for X is more than double / triple that of Y.
X 的数字是 Y 的两倍 / 三倍多。

X exceeds Y by 10 percentage points.
X 比 Y 高 10 个百分点。

X recorded the highest figure, at 80%, while
Y was the lowest at just 15%.
X 数据最高,达 80%,Y 最低,仅 15%。
提示

注意 percent(百分比)和 percentage point(百分点)的区别。从 30% 到 60% 是"上升 30 个百分点"或"翻倍(doubled)",不是"上升 30%"

饼图:占比语言

X accounts for 40% of the total.
X 占总数的 40%。

Y makes up just over a quarter (28%) of all categories.
Y 占所有类别的略多于四分之一(28%)。

The largest proportion is taken by X, at 45%.
最大比例由 X 占据,为 45%。

X represents the smallest share of the total,
at less than 5%.
X 在总数中占比最小,不到 5%。

常见占比表达:

流程图与地图题

流程图

流程图描述制造 / 自然循环 / 操作步骤。核心语言是被动语态 + 顺序连接词

First, the raw materials are collected and
sorted. Then, they are washed in a large tank.
After that, they are crushed and dried at
high temperatures. Finally, the processed
materials are packaged and shipped.

首先,原材料被收集并分类。然后在大池中清洗。
接着被粉碎并高温烘干。最后,加工后的材料被
包装并运输。

顺序连接词:first / firstly → next / then → after that → subsequently → finally / lastly。循环图加上 which begins the cycle again / completing the cycle

地图题

地图题考同一地区不同时期的对比。核心语言是方位词 + 时态对比

In 1990, there was a small village in the
north of the area. By 2020, this village had
been replaced by a large shopping mall.

1990 年时该地区北部有一个小村庄。到 2020 年,
这个村庄已被一个大型购物中心取代。

A new road was built running from east to
west, connecting the two residential areas.

一条新公路从东到西修建,连接两个居民区。

方位词:in the north/south/east/west, in the centre/middle, on the left/right side, opposite, adjacent to, next to, in the corner of, surrounded by

地图常见动作动词:be built / constructed / demolished / converted into / replaced by / extended / relocated必须用过去时和现在完成时,因为对比的是过去和现在。

典型 Task 1 完整范例(折线图)

Topic: The line graph shows electricity production
(in million kWh) in four countries from 1980 to 2020.

The graph illustrates the amount of electricity,
measured in million kilowatt-hours, generated by
four countries — A, B, C and D — over a forty-year
period from 1980 to 2020.

Overall, all four countries witnessed an upward
trend in electricity production. Country A
remained the highest producer throughout, while
country D consistently recorded the lowest figures
despite a moderate increase.

In 1980, country A produced approximately 200
million kWh, almost double the figure for country B
(110). Country C started at 80, slightly above
country D at 60. Over the next two decades, country
A's output rose sharply, reaching 380 by 2000.

Between 2000 and 2020, country A's growth slowed,
ending at 420. Meanwhile, country B grew steadily
to 280, and country C surged from 130 to 250,
overtaking country B briefly in 2010. Country D's
production climbed gradually but remained the
lowest at just 100 million kWh in 2020.

这篇约 175 词,结构清晰、数据准确、动词副词搭配丰富,能稳定 6.5-7.0。

常见错误清单

高频陷阱

"双图题"(two charts)是高频考察。看到双图必须对比分析,不能各写一段。Overview 应该比较两图共同特征。Detail 段落按"组合维度"分组而非"按图分组"。

本章小结